Raymond Cattell
(1905-1998) defines the personality like that that says us what a person will do when it find in a determinate situation. The basic structural element of the personality is the shot, that involves reactive tendencies generals and does reference to characteristics relatively permanent.
In accordance with his origin, the shots can be constitutional or environmental. In function of his content, can divide in shots of capacity or aptitudinales (resources to solve problems), of personality or temperamentales (peculiar form of behaviour of each person or stylistic tendencies) and dynamic shots (related with the motivation or cause of the behaviour).
In accordance with the rank of application, distinguishes between common or applicable shots to all the individuals, and specific, exclusive of a person, although his work centres in the common. Finally, in function of his significance, can find us with:
To determine empirically which were the fundamental shots of the personality, Cattell. It split of the analysis of the language, using what knows like lexical criterion. It was against of the utilisation of terms of common use in the language (as sociable, responsible, etc.) to designate to the structural elements or shots. It proposed the utilisation of a new consistent nomenclature in using the letters of the alphabet (To, B, C,…) or universal indexes, followed of a number, or Greek terms, or neologisms formed by the first syllables of the words used in the description of these shots.
The terms of the language could classify in four different categories:
Of the 16 factors found, pertinent of the data Q, 12 coincided with the obtained previously with the data L (To, B, C, And, F, G, H, I, L, M, N and Or) and 4 were exclusive with the data Q (designated with the letter Q and subscripts of the 1 to the 4).
| Shot | Low punctuations | High punctuations |
| To | Sizia Or sizotimia (reserved, solitary, critic, independent) | Affectia Or afectotimia (open, participatory, warm, easy) |
| B | Low intelligence (clumsy) | High intelligence (smart) |
| C | Little strength of the I (unstable emotional) | A lot of strength of the I (stable and mature) |
| And | Submission | Dominancia |
| F | Desurgencia (Serious, taciturno, pessimistic, introspective) | Surgencia (Cheerful, enthusiastic, sociable, forceful, hablador) |
| G | Little strength of the super I | A lot of strength of the super I |
| H | Trectia (Shy, susceptible, autocontenido) | Parmia (Brave, risky) |
| I | Harria (Hard, asertivo, realistic, autosuficiente) | Premsia (Delicate, impatient, imaginative, anxious) |
| L | Alaxia (Unsuspecting, adaptable to the circumstances) | Protensión (suspicaz, desconfiado, jealous) |
| M | Praxernia (Practical, realistic, conventional, logical) | Autia (Imaginative, bohemio, demanding, no conventional) |
| N | Simplicity | Cunning |
| Or | Imperturbable | Culpability |
| Q1 | Conservatism | Radicalism |
| Q2 | Adhesion to the group | Autosuficiencia |
| Q3 | Low integration of feelings | A lot of control of his autoimagen |
| Q4 | Little tension érgica (relaxed, no frustrated) | A lot of tension érgica (taut, frustrated) |
Cattell Speaks of dynamic shots to do reference to the questions of the causes or reasons of the behaviour. The dynamic shots divides them in attitudes, feelings and ergios. The basic unit is the attitude, that expresses the strength of the interest for doing a course of action in particular.
For averiguar the components of the attitudes analysed factorialmente the pertinent punctuations of distinct measurements of an only attitude, and in the different studies obtained five factors components:
The factorial analysis of second order of these five components discovered that they are related, by what could reduce to two components, one integrated or conscious (I and Súper I) and another no integrated or unaware (This, physiological expressions and complexes repressed).
The ergios do reference to the factors that reflect innate biological impulses, whereas the feelings do allusion to those that are determined by the environment, purchased fundamentally through the family and the school.
An ergio is an innate impulse, that active by environmental stimuli and that ceases when it put it attains . The feelings are complex attitudes that incorporate interests, opinions and lower attitudes; they are environmental shots.
The dynamic shots organise of complex way forming an entramado dynamic. It enters the concept of subsidiación to explain the process whereby some dynamic shots are subsidiary or dependent of other shots. Like this, the feelings depend on the ergios, and the attitudes depend on the feelings.
The entramado dynamic describes a complicated network of interrelationships between interests, attitudes, feelings and put érgicas and can change like result of emotional states like fatigue, fault, anxiety or depression, or by changes in the environment.
This model represents the effort of Cattell for remedying the problem of the that suffers from systematically the psychology of the shots, to the not taking into account to the situation in the prediction of the behaviour and base exclusively in the shots.
It expresses the different elements that considers important for the prediction of the behaviour in the equation of specification, that specifies the way in that shots and situations combine to predict the behaviour. The answer of the subject in a situation given, that is what want to predict, is determined by the combination ponderada of:
The work of Cattell is very tied to the development of one of the proofs of evaluation of the most known personality and used, the 16PF, since it employs so much in investigation as in the labour field and the clinical.
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References:
Cattell, R.B.; Cattell, To,K., Cattell, H.And.P. (1995). 16 PF-5. Factorial questionnaire of Personality. TEA editions.
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saludo quisiera saber que nombre recibe el efecto cuando una pareja se pelea, y el hombre agrede a la mujer e interviene una tercera persona como salvador agrediendo al hombre y la pareja se une y arremte contra el intruso? gracias por la informacion