{"id":6584,"date":"2020-12-14T13:58:41","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T12:58:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/?p=6584"},"modified":"2020-12-26T22:56:26","modified_gmt":"2020-12-26T21:56:26","slug":"como-se-construye-la-empatia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/gl\/como-se-construye-la-empatia\/","title":{"rendered":"Como se construe a empat\u00eda?"},"content":{"rendered":"Que \u00e9 a empat\u00eda? A empat\u00eda<\/strong> \u00e9 un dos principais compo\u00f1entes da intelixencia emocional baseado no reco\u00f1ecemento das emoci\u00f3ns noutras persoas. Esta capacidade mellora as relaci\u00f3ns sociais ao volvelas m\u00e1is reais e duradeiras polo feito de sentirse identificado coa outra persoas; tanto para as emoci\u00f3ns negativas como para as positivas. Comprender o que desexan outras persoas, como sente e como ven o mundo \u00e9 unha ferramenta moi \u00fatil na sociedade na que vivimos. A globalizaci\u00f3n e o modo no que se produce as relaci\u00f3ns sociais, cada vez m\u00e1is na distancia, fai especial fincap\u00e9 en ter unha gran capacidade de empatizar cos que nos rodean ou mesmo ser capaz de facelo na distancia.<\/p>\n

Canto m\u00e1is emp\u00e1ticos somos mellor interactuamos coas outras persoas. Esta capacidade de tomar perspectiva respecto dos demais \u00e9 unha forma de obter informaci\u00f3n moi relevante da outra persoas para pornos no seu lugar, nas s\u00faas emoci\u00f3ns, e mellorar \u00e1 s\u00faa vez as nosas habilidades sociais. Que nos di a ciencia sobre como mellorar a empat\u00eda?<\/p>\n

>> Artigo relacionado: Existen tres tipos de empat\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n

Como se produce a empat\u00eda?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Os investigadores levan tempo tentando aprender m\u00e1is sobre cales son os mecanismos que nos axudan a comprender aos demais. Tanto a empat\u00eda<\/strong> como a toma de perspectiva<\/strong> (\u00e1s veces denominada teor\u00eda da mente<\/strong> sobre a capacidade de ler o pensamento),\u00a0 forman parte desta habilidade de ler as emoci\u00f3ns dos demais. Con todo non se trata dunha soa habilidade sen\u00f3n dun conxunto de habilidades subordinadas individuais. \u00c1s veces \u00e9 necesario focalizar a atenci\u00f3n nas expresi\u00f3ns faciais e interpretar a mirada; e noutras ocasi\u00f3ns \u00e9 mellor pensar no transfondo cultural do narrador e co\u00f1ecer as s\u00faas necesidades persoais actuais.<\/p>\n

Un modelo sobre o funcionamento da empat\u00eda e a toma de perspectiva<\/strong><\/h3>\n

A ciencia a\u00ednda non ten claro que forma o n\u00facleo destas competencias nin en que parte do cerebro bas\u00e9ase o seu funcionamento. Philipp Kanske<\/strong> e Matthias Schurz<\/strong> (2020), o primeiro profesor na A t\u00faa Dresden, e o segundo do Instituto Donders en Nijmegen, xunto cun amplo equipo internacional de investigadores, desenvolveron recentemente un modelo explicativo integral sobre o funcionamento da empat\u00eda e a toma de perspectiva<\/strong>. Este estudo foi recentemente publicado na revista Psychological Bulletin.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

>> Artigo relacionado: Compo\u00f1entes da intelixencia emocional<\/a><\/p>\n

Segundo Kanske, a empat\u00eda e a toma de perspectiva sobre o outro se procesan no cerebro a trav\u00e9s dunha rede principal especializada que se activa en cada situaci\u00f3n social e dependendo da situaci\u00f3n involucra outras redes adicionais.\u00a0 O noso cerebro reacciona de forma flexible \u00e1s necesidades individuais.<\/p>\n

A empat\u00eda, a rede principal pode reco\u00f1ecer situaci\u00f3ns significativas como pode ser o procesamiento do medo, pero \u00e1 vez o cerebro traballa con outras \u00e1reas especializadas, por exemplo, para o reco\u00f1ecemento facial ou a voz. O mesmo ocorre para o cambio de perspectiva, act\u00edvanse rexi\u00f3ns relacionadas cos recordos pasados ou a imaxinaci\u00f3n do futuro. \u00c9 dicir, act\u00edvanse partes do cerebro de situaci\u00f3ns que non se observan nese preciso momento. Podemos dicir que para ter unha boa habilidade emp\u00e1tica tam\u00e9n temos que ter unhas boas experiencias<\/strong> anteriores e unha capacidade de creaci\u00f3n de imaxes futuras, polo que o desenvolvemento da creatividade<\/strong><\/a> poder\u00eda estar moi involucrado nunha boa empat\u00eda.<\/p>\n

Nos resultados dos estudos dem\u00f3strase que os problemas sociais m\u00e1is complexos requiren unha combinaci\u00f3n de empat\u00eda e un cambio de perspectiva. As persoas m\u00e1is competentes socialmente adoitan conseguir ver \u00e1s outras persoas desde a perspectiva dos sentimentos e dos pensamentos conseguindo un equilibrio entre ambas as habilidades. Con todo, a falta dunha destas habilidades non ten porqu\u00e9 limitar \u00e1s persoas nas s\u00faas habilidades sociais xa que pode ser que as compense con outras habilidades.<\/p>\n

A experiencia, a mellor arma para mellorar a empat\u00eda<\/strong><\/h2>\n

En definitiva, o noso cerebro ad\u00e1ptase \u00e1s necesidades da situaci\u00f3n para xerar empat\u00eda e perspectiva de forma coordinada con outras habilidades; polo que a mellor forma de mellorar a nosa empat\u00eda e lectura do pensamento alleo \u00e9 a propia experiencia. A biolox\u00eda do noso cerebro est\u00e1 preparada para empatizar, uns terana m\u00e1is ou menos desenvolvida de maneira xen\u00e9tica, pero a experiencia ser\u00e1 a que logre reter no noso cerebro as imaxes que necesita recuperar para entender as expresi\u00f3ns dos demais e enfocalas cara ao futuro.<\/p>\n

_<\/p>\n

Referencias e estudo:<\/p>\n

Schurz, M., Radua, J., Tholen, M.G., Maliske, L., Margulies, D.S., Mars, R.B., Sallet, J. Kanske, P. (2020). Toward a hierarchical model of social cognition: A neuroimaging meta-analysis and integrative review of empathy and theory of mind.<\/strong>\u00a0Psychological Bulletin<\/em>, 2020; DOI:\u00a010.1037\/bul0000303<\/a><\/p>\n

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Que \u00e9 a empat\u00eda? A empat\u00eda \u00e9 un dos principais compo\u00f1entes da intelixencia emocional baseado no reco\u00f1ecemento das emoci\u00f3ns noutras persoas. Esta capacidade mellora as relaci\u00f3ns sociais ao volvelas m\u00e1is reais e duradeiras polo feito de sentirse identificado coa outra persoas; tanto para as emoci\u00f3ns negativas como para as positivas. Comprender o que desexan outras […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[388,61,11],"class_list":["post-6584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-inteligencia-emocional","tag-empatia","tag-inteligencia-emocional","tag-psicologia"],"yoast_head":"\nComo se construe a empat\u00eda? - PsicoPico<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La empat\u00eda es la capacidad de reconocer las emociones de los dem\u00e1s y parece estar relacionada con otras \u00e1reas del cerebro y la experiencia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/como-se-construye-la-empatia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como se construe a empat\u00eda? 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