{"id":6569,"date":"2020-12-10T15:02:37","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T14:02:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/?p=6569"},"modified":"2020-12-26T23:03:09","modified_gmt":"2020-12-26T22:03:09","slug":"celulas-del-tiempo-el-reloj-cerebral-basado-en-las-experiencias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/gl\/celulas-del-tiempo-el-reloj-cerebral-basado-en-las-experiencias\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e9lulas do tempo tiempo: o reloxo cerebral basado nas experiencias"},"content":{"rendered":"\u00c1s veces perdemos a noci\u00f3n do tempo e non sabemos a hora na que vivimos ou mesmo nin o d\u00eda. \u00c9 bastante com\u00fan ter que preguntar polo d\u00eda da semana que \u00e9, e m\u00e1is na \u00e9poca que estamos a vivir de confinamentos e teletrabajo. Todos os d\u00edas parecen ser martes.<\/strong> O tempo parece que se detivo no 2020 e que no canto dun ano pasaron dez. Posiblemente sexa o ano que se est\u00e1 facendo m\u00e1is longo dos que lembres por culpa da pandemia do coronavirus. As chamadas c\u00e9lulas do tempo<\/strong> do cerebro son as encargadas desta tarefa.<\/p>\n

O paso do tempo tam\u00e9n est\u00e1 relacionado co noso estado emocional<\/strong><\/a>, por iso este ano perc\u00edbese como m\u00e1is lento. Cando estamos tristes ou cun estado de \u00e1nimo baixo, xa sexa o motivo que sexa, percibimos que o tempo transcorre m\u00e1is lento que cando estamos alegres ou contentos. O mesmo sucede cando estamos nerviosos ou tensos, o tempo paral\u00edzase, e por iso cando temos pr\u00e9sa un sem\u00e1foro parece tardar moito m\u00e1is en porse en verde que outros d\u00edas.<\/p>\n

Pois ben, o noso cerebro, como bo procesador da informaci\u00f3n necesita co\u00f1ecer dalg\u00fan modo como transcorre o paso do tempo e como o relacionada cun determinado lugar. A nosa memoria \u00e9 a nosa fonte de informaci\u00f3n principal e debe tentar relacionar coa maior certeza os datos que procesa e recupera. O espazo e o tempo son datos moi importantes para n\u00f3s.<\/p>\n

Como o noso cerebro reco\u00f1ece o paso do tempo?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hai alg\u00fans anos xa se descubriron as denominadas c\u00e9lulas do tempo, as neuronas encargadas de rexistrar cando e onde ocorren os eventos.<\/p>\n

Este reloxo neuronal non codifica da mesma forma que o entendemos n\u00f3s a trav\u00e9s de segundos, minutos ou horas, o que fai \u00e9 interpretar o tempo subxectivo organizando o fluxo das experiencias dos eventos que se van sucedendo segundo un grupo de cient\u00edficos liderado polo Premio Nobel Edvard Moser<\/strong> (2018), director do Instituto Kavli, con sede na Universidade Norueguesa de Ciencia e Tecnolox\u00eda (NTNU). Ademais, relacionado con estes avances cabe destacar que xa en 2014, un estudo coordinado por German \u00a0Hesslow<\/strong> (Universidade de Lund, Suecia) e Riccardo Zucca<\/strong> (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Espa\u00f1a), demostrou que as c\u00e9lulas son capaces de aprender de maneira individual a trav\u00e9s dos est\u00edmulos que reciben por medio de mecanismo que consiste nunha especie de reloxo interno que med\u00eda o tempo das reacci\u00f3ns. Antes pens\u00e1base que se necesitaba exclusivamente unha rede neuronal para aprender, pero agora s\u00e1bese que tam\u00e9n aprenden de maneira individual grazas a este proceso parecido a un reloxo. Aprendemos mellor das reacci\u00f3ns e as experiencias.<\/p>\n

As c\u00e9lulas do tempo at\u00f3panse no hipocampo e a cortiza entorrinal<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Un novo estudo do grupo de traballo de Bradley Lega<\/strong> (2020), \u00a0profesor do Departamento de Cirurx\u00eda Neurol\u00f3gica do UT\u00a0 Southwestern Medical Center (Texas, Estados Unidos), revelou novos datos en humanos respecto das c\u00e9lulas do tempo<\/p>\n

As c\u00e9lulas do tempo son neuronas que est\u00e1n situadas no hipocampo e a cortiza entorrinal que se activan en momentos espec\u00edficos durante unha tarefa ou experiencia cognitiva concreta. As evidencias ao longo dos anos demostraron que este grupo de neuronas son as responsables de codificar esta informaci\u00f3n relativa ao tempo, con todo, nunca se observou en humanos, at\u00e9 agora.<\/p>\n

Para iso, estes investigadores identificaron as c\u00e9lulas do tempo en persoas utilizando gravaci\u00f3ns de microelectrodos intracraneales en 27 pacientes con epilepsia que realizaron unha tarefa de memoria. Estes experimentos demostraron de forma evidente que existe actividade celular nesta rexi\u00f3n que representa un tipo de informaci\u00f3n temporal complementaria responsable de dar forma aos recordos epis\u00f3dicos. \u00c9 un gran avance para a mellora dos tratamentos en enfermidades relacionadas coa perda de memoria como o Alzheimer<\/strong>, xa que se poder\u00eda estimular estas zonas para axudar ao cerebro a mellorar o recordo, xa que sen este proceso non logra descifralo correctamente.<\/p>\n

_<\/p>\n

Referencias e fontes:<\/p>\n

Johansson, F., Jirenhed D.A., Rasmussen, A., Zucca, R., Hesslow, G. (2014). Memory trace and timing mechanism localized to cerebellar Purkinje cells<\/a>, PNAS <\/em>doi:10.1073\/pnas.1415371111.<\/p>\n

Tsao,A ., Sugar, J., Lu, L., Wang, C., Knierim, JJ, Moser, M.B., Moser, E.I. (2018). Integrating estafe from experience in\u00a0 the lateral entorhinal cortex<\/a>. Nature 561 (7721)<\/em>, 57-62<\/p>\n

Umbach, G., Kantak, P., Jacobs, J.,Kahana,M.,Pfeiffer, B.E., Sperling, M., Leiga, B (2020). Time cells in\u00a0 the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex support episodic memory<\/a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (45)<\/em> 28463-28474; DOI: 10.1073\/pnas.2013250117","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c1s veces perdemos a noci\u00f3n do tempo e non sabemos a hora na que vivimos ou mesmo nin o d\u00eda. \u00c9 bastante com\u00fan ter que preguntar polo d\u00eda da semana que \u00e9, e m\u00e1is na \u00e9poca que estamos a vivir de confinamentos e teletrabajo. Todos os d\u00edas parecen ser martes. O tempo parece que se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6617,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[290],"tags":[36,298,575,275,11],"class_list":["post-6569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neurociencia","tag-aprendizaje","tag-cerebro","tag-memoria","tag-neurociencia","tag-psicologia"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e9lulas do tempo tiempo: o reloxo cerebral basado nas experiencias - PsicoPico<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"(Espa\u00f1ol) Las c\u00e9lulas del tiempo son neuronas que est\u00e1n situadas en el hipocampo y la corteza entorrinal que se activan en momentos espec\u00edficos durante una tarea o experiencia cognitiva concreta.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/en\/celulas-del-tiempo-el-reloj-cerebral-basado-en-las-experiencias\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e9lulas do tempo tiempo: o reloxo cerebral basado nas experiencias - 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