{"id":3244,"date":"2017-06-13T01:51:43","date_gmt":"2017-06-13T00:51:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/psicopico.com\/?p=3244"},"modified":"2017-10-21T18:57:38","modified_gmt":"2017-10-21T17:57:38","slug":"psicologos-inventan-una-vacuna-las-noticias-falsas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/gl\/psicologos-inventan-una-vacuna-las-noticias-falsas\/","title":{"rendered":"Psic\u00f3logos inventan unha vacina&#8230;contra as noticias falsas."},"content":{"rendered":"Soa raro, pero \u00e9 certo. Psic\u00f3logos das<strong>\u00a0Universidades de Cambridge, Yale e George Mason<\/strong>\u00a0est\u00e1n a tentar crear unha vacina cerebral que che inmunice das noticias falsas. Vivimos na sociedade da informaci\u00f3n e cre\u00e9monos gran cantidade de noticias de\u00a0dubidosa veracidade que circulan por medios de comunicaci\u00f3n e redes sociais viraliz\u00e1ndose\u00a0como cal virus da gripe. Ese virus xa ten a s\u00faa vacina, ou non.<\/p>\n<p>Un dos exemplos m\u00e1is recentes deste tipo de noticias falsas \u00e9 a que\u00a0<strong>Javier C\u00e1rdenas<\/strong>\u00a0protagonizou a principios deste mes. O popular presentador de radio e televisi\u00f3n soltou sen m\u00e1is unha noticia falsa, un bulo, que\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/vertele.eldiario.es\/noticias\/Acusan-Cardenas-difundir-bulo-vacunas_0_1909909020.html?_ga=2.215973584.675490326.1497303421-14390821.1497303415\">relacionaba o autismo coas vacinas<\/a>. O cal \u00e9 totalmente falso pero que seguramente moitas persoas chegaron a crerse dado o\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/psicopico.com\/la-persuasion-y-sus-principios-de-influencia-social\/\"><strong>efecto simpat\u00eda e \u00a0de autoridade<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0que se sup\u00f3n que un presentador debe transmitir. Damos por feito que a noticia \u00e9 real ao provir desa fonte, sen m\u00e1is.<\/p>\n<p>&gt;&gt;Artigo relacionado:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/psicopico.com\/rumores-factores-funciones\/\">Rumores: factores e funci\u00f3ns.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Vacina psicol\u00f3xica contra as falsas noticias.<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>O estudo en cuesti\u00f3n, publicado a principios deste ano 2017, denominado\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gch2.201600008\/full\"><strong><em>Inoculating the Public against Misinformation about Climate Change<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(en espa\u00f1ol, Inoculando ao p\u00fablico contra a desinformaci\u00f3n sobre o cambio clim\u00e1tico)\u00a0utiliza unha t\u00e9cnica similar \u00e1s vacinas convencionais para inmunizar ante as noticias falsas.<\/p>\n<p>En resumo, estes cient\u00edficos o que fixeron foi\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cam.ac.uk\/research\/news\/psychological-vaccine-could-help-immunise-public-against-fake-news-on-climate-change-study\"><strong>estimular o sistema inmune psicol\u00f3xico<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0ante este tipo de informaci\u00f3n de escasa fiabilidade. Mesturaron pequenas doses de\u00a0<strong>noticias\u00a0<em>fake<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(falsas) entre noticias documentadas e veraces.\u00a0Os resultados non foron demasiado esperanzadores, pero at\u00e9 o 13% das persoas que se vacinaron&#8221;\u00a0de forma espec\u00edfica cambiaron as s\u00faas opini\u00f3ns sobre as noticias a favor do rigor cient\u00edfico.<\/p>\n<p>O que fai esta vacina&#8221; \u00e9 crear certa resistencia \u00e1 desinformaci\u00f3n, de maneira que a pr\u00f3xima vez que vexamos unha noticia dubidosa, seremos m\u00e1is susceptibles a ela. \u00c9 dicir, a vacina afainos a buscar certo grao de veracidade e rigor na noticia e non quedarnos co simple titular.<\/p>\n<p>No estudo cient\u00edfico, presentaron aos 2.000 participantes na investigaci\u00f3n d\u00faas afirmaci\u00f3ns sobre o cambio clim\u00e1tico, unha real e outra falsa. A noticia verdadeira respond\u00eda a que o 97% dos cient\u00edficos estaban de acordo en que o cambio clim\u00e1tico era provocado polo home. A falsa dic\u00eda o contrario e estaba\u00a0apoiada (hipoteticamente) pola firma de decenas de miles de cient\u00edficos americanos (<em>fake<\/em>). De feito, s\u00f3 o 1% dos asinantes eran persoas expertas e o resto do comunicado estaba &#8220;asinado&#8221; polas mism\u00edsimas Spice Girl e at\u00e9 o gran Charles Darwin (Ai, Darwin si levantases a cabeza e vises en que se converteu a evoluci\u00f3n humana!).<\/p>\n<p>As &#8220;vacinas&#8221; psicol\u00f3xicas que estes psic\u00f3logos lles presentaron aos participantes foron de dous tipos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vacina xeral<\/strong>: indic\u00f3uselles que exist\u00edan grupos pol\u00edticos que usaban t\u00e1cticas enganosas para convencer \u00e1 xente de que hab\u00eda gran desencontro entre cient\u00edficos (6,5% de efectividade).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vacina espec\u00edfica:<\/strong>\u00a0analiz\u00e1base a informaci\u00f3n falsa (13% de efectividade).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Estas pequenas doses de falsidades entre noticias contrastadas actuar\u00eda como reforzo de face \u00e1 pr\u00f3xima vez que v\u00edsemos noticias dubidosas.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>&#8220;Baseado nunha historia real&#8221;&#8230;e xa nolo creemos.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Segundo outro estudo publicado recentemente na revista\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/journal\/00221031\">Journal of Experimental Social Psychology<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>etiquetar unha historia como &#8220;baseada en feitos reais&#8221; mellora a nosa avaliaci\u00f3n sobre a historia e out\u00f3rgalle credibilidade cando se trata dunha historia pouco com\u00fans.<\/p>\n<p>Estes investigadores atoparon que a\u00a0<strong>etiquetaxe baseada na verdade\u00a0<\/strong>perd\u00eda efectividade a medida que o feito contado ti\u00f1a unha tipicidad maior.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00c9 dicir, que cando nos contan algo do que non temos referencias\u00a0de experiencias anteriores engadindo &#8220;baseado en feitos reais&#8221;, tendemos a dalo por veraz. As\u00ed de sinxelo lograrse facerlle crer \u00e1 xente cosas incribles.<\/p>\n<p>As noticias falsas s\u00f3 deber\u00edan existir cando o humor e a s\u00e1tira sexan o obxectivo da mesma, como no caso de\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmundotoday.com\/\"><strong>O Mundo Today<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0ou\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lugonews.com\/\">LugoNews<\/a><\/strong>. M\u00e1is dun creuse as s\u00faas ir\u00f3nicas historias.<\/p>\n<p>Quen sabe si esta noticia tam\u00e9n \u00e9 falsa. Ti que crees?<\/p>\n<p>Por si dubidas dela, direiche que \u00e9 baseada en feitos reais e que a continuaci\u00f3n deixo as referencias aos artigos cient\u00edficos.<\/p>\n<p>_<\/p>\n<p>Referencias:<\/p>\n<p>Valsesia, F., Diehl, K., Nunes,J.C. (2017). Based on a true story: Making people believe the unbelievable,\u00a0<em>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology<\/em>, Volume 71, July 2017, pp 105-110, ISSN 0022-1031. Recuperado o 13 de Xu\u00f1o de 2017 de\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S002210311630436X\">http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S002210311630436X<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Van der Linden, S.,\u00a0Leiserowitz, A.,\u00a0Rosenthal, S.,\u00a0Maibach, E. (2017).\u00a0Inoculating the Public against Misinformation about Climate Change.<em>\u00a0<\/em><em>Global Challenges<\/em>\u00a0(1), 1600008.Recuperado o 13 de Xu\u00f1o de 2017 de\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/gch2.201600008\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/gch2.201600008<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soa raro, pero \u00e9 certo. Psic\u00f3logos das\u00a0Universidades de Cambridge, Yale e George Mason\u00a0est\u00e1n a tentar crear unha vacina cerebral que che inmunice das noticias falsas. Vivimos na sociedade da informaci\u00f3n e cre\u00e9monos gran cantidade de noticias de\u00a0dubidosa veracidade que circulan por medios de comunicaci\u00f3n e redes sociais viraliz\u00e1ndose\u00a0como cal virus da gripe. Ese virus xa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3245,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[145,8],"tags":[42,463,464,11,224,12],"class_list":["post-3244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curiosidades","category-social","tag-ciencia","tag-mentiras","tag-noticias","tag-psicologia","tag-rumores","tag-social"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Psic\u00f3logos inventan unha vacina...contra as noticias falsas. - PsicoPico<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/en\/psicologos-inventan-una-vacuna-las-noticias-falsas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Psic\u00f3logos inventan unha vacina...contra as noticias falsas. - PsicoPico\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Soa raro, pero \u00e9 certo. 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