{"id":2617,"date":"2016-11-25T17:02:07","date_gmt":"2016-11-25T16:02:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/psicopico.com\/?p=2617"},"modified":"2020-04-07T16:59:09","modified_gmt":"2020-04-07T15:59:09","slug":"diferencias-orientacion-profesional-vocacional-laboral","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/gl\/diferencias-orientacion-profesional-vocacional-laboral\/","title":{"rendered":"Diferenzas entre orientaci\u00f3n profesional, laboral e vocacional."},"content":{"rendered":"\u00c9 moi habitual que se utilicen os termos<strong> orientaci\u00f3n laboral, orientaci\u00f3n vocacional ou orientaci\u00f3n profesion<\/strong>al co mesmo significado, con todo var\u00edan considerablemente nas s\u00faas funci\u00f3ns. Mesmo poderiamos ampliar o abanico e inclu\u00edr o termo de<strong> orientaci\u00f3n para a carreira<\/strong>, moi utilizado no \u00e1mbito anglosax\u00f3n. Estes tipos de orientaci\u00f3n fan referencia a un concepto com\u00fan: o traballo. \u00c9 o que os diferencia doutros tipos de orientaci\u00f3n, como a <strong>educativa<\/strong> (dificultades de aprendizaxe, adaptaci\u00f3n escolar, etc.) ou a <strong>familiar<\/strong> (problemas con fillos, adopci\u00f3ns, etc.).<\/p>\n<p>En termos xerais poderiamos dicir que a diferenza principal entre os diferentes tipos de orientaci\u00f3n do \u00e1mbito do traballo radica no seguinte:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Orientaci\u00f3n vocacional:<\/strong> elecci\u00f3n do posto de traballo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Orientaci\u00f3n laboral:<\/strong> <strong>procura, mantemento ou cambio de emprego. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Orientaci\u00f3n profesional: implica desenvolvemento de carreira profesional (e vital) en xeral. \u00c9 practicamente similar ao termo orientaci\u00f3n para a carreira.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Imos profundar un pouco m\u00e1is na definici\u00f3n dos termos e as s\u00faas diferenzas tomando como base a orientaci\u00f3n profesional, dado que actualmente \u00e9 o termo m\u00e1is utilizado no espazo Europeo.<\/p>\n<h1>Orientaci\u00f3n profesional<\/h1>\n<p>Antes de continuar, non debemos quedarnos co termo orientaci\u00f3n como o s\u00f3 significado de aconsellar, xa que a orientaci\u00f3n esixe unha seria de procesos que implican o co\u00f1ecemento da persoa, a contorna, o mundo laboral e social para con todo iso axudar ao orientado \u00e1 s\u00faa propia autorrealizaci\u00f3n sexa no contexto que sexa, xa sexa educativo, organizativo-laboral, socio-comunitario ou persoal. Actualmente o termo orientaci\u00f3n profesional \u00e9 o m\u00e1is utilizado no espazo Europeo.<\/p>\n<p>Por tanto, a orientaci\u00f3n profesional \u00e9 un proceso de axuda t\u00e9cnica dirixido a unha persoa ou grupo coa intenci\u00f3n de que adquira co\u00f1ecementos completos das s\u00faas propias capacidades, aptitudes ou potencialidades co obxectivo de adecuar as elecci\u00f3ns profesionais e integralas no seu desenvolvemento persoal, educativo, social e laboral.<\/p>\n<p>Unha das definici\u00f3ns cl\u00e1sicas de orientaci\u00f3n profesional \u00e9 a de Super a mediados do s\u00e9culo XX:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>&#8220;O proceso mediante o cal se axuda a unha persoa a desenvolver e aceptar unha imaxe completa e adecuada de si mesma e do seu papel no mundo laboral, a p\u00f3r a proba ese concepto fronte \u00e1 realidade coti\u00e1 e a convertelo nunha realidade para a s\u00faa satisfacci\u00f3n persoal e para o beneficio da sociedade.&#8221;<\/em> (Super, 1951)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>O orientador serve de gu\u00eda, est\u00edmulo e apoio ao orientado mediante o acompa\u00f1amento e mediaci\u00f3n. En definitiva o orientador \u00e9 un educador de carreira e actuar\u00e1 aconsellando, informando e achegando experiencias de aprendizaxe para favorecer a adquisici\u00f3n de co\u00f1ecementos, actitudes e competencias que toda persoa necesita para poder desenvolver con \u00e9xito a s\u00faa carreira. A orientaci\u00f3n \u00e9 un proceso planificado e de car\u00e1cter preventivo no que a persoa orientada ten o rol de protagonista e activo principal at\u00e9 conseguir unha autoorientaci\u00f3n responsable e eficiente. Este asesoramento \u00e9 o que se poder\u00eda chamar hoxe en d\u00eda como coaching.<\/p>\n<p>O termo counseling que \u00e9 un dos m\u00e1is importantes dentro da orientaci\u00f3n profesional. O orientador \u00e9 a persoa que aconsella ao orientado de maneira obxectiva en funci\u00f3n da s\u00faa personalidade e capacidades. A National Vocational Guidance Association define orientaci\u00f3n profesional como ?asistir ao alumno?. As\u00ed mesmo, a Conferencia Xeral da Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional do Traballo fala sobre ?axuda prestada? como parte das funci\u00f3ns do orientador cara ao orientado.<\/p>\n<p>A orientaci\u00f3n profesional tam\u00e9n se pode definir como unha asistencia psicol\u00f3xica:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Unha forma de asistencia psicol\u00f3xica con caracter\u00edsticas de esclarecemento, cuxo obxectivo \u00e9 que os consultantes elaboren a s\u00faa identidade vocacional e mobilicen a s\u00faa capacidade de decisi\u00f3n aut\u00f3noma co fin de satisfacer as s\u00faas propias necesidades de relaci\u00f3n co contexto hist\u00f3rico e cultural e a situaci\u00f3n concreta en que a s\u00faa elecci\u00f3n ten lugar. O proceso sistem\u00e1tico real\u00edzase xeralmente en momentos especiais: pasos de ciclos evolutivos ou etapas educacionales.&#8221; (L\u00f3pez Bonelli, 1989, p. 27).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Destinatarios da Orientaci\u00f3n Profesional.<\/h4>\n<p>A orientaci\u00f3n profesional ten m\u00faltiples destinatarios:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alumnos infant\u00eds e adolescentes. A\u00ednda que nestas idades predomina a orientaci\u00f3n educativa (dificultades de aprendizaxe, adaptaci\u00f3n escolar, etc.) tam\u00e9n poden beneficiarse de certa orientaci\u00f3n profesional, sobre todo nas idades pr\u00f3ximas ao contacto co mundo laboral. \u00c9 importante de face \u00e1 elecci\u00f3n dos seus estudos que os gu\u00edan cara \u00e1s s\u00faas expectativas laborais futuras. Lembremos o car\u00e1cter preventivo da orientaci\u00f3n profesional.<\/li>\n<li>Alumnos universitarios. Neste \u00e1mbito trab\u00e1llase coa inserci\u00f3n laboral, pr\u00e1cticas laborais ou procura do primeiro emprego. Ademais, tam\u00e9n reciben orientaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica e de habilidades de aprendizaxe.<\/li>\n<li>Poboaci\u00f3n adulta: mozos; adultos desempelados; ocupados con aspiraci\u00f3ns de mellora ou cambio de emprego; ou persoas con problemas para conciliar a vida laboral coa persoal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Diferenza entre orientaci\u00f3n laboral e profesional.<\/h2>\n<p>A orientaci\u00f3n laboral \u00e9 un termo que engloba a calquera proceso de orientaci\u00f3n relacionado co traballo, xeralmente implica procesos de procura, mantemento ou cambio de emprego.<\/p>\n<p>A orientaci\u00f3n profesional vai un paso m\u00e1is al\u00f3 da orientaci\u00f3n laboral e merg\u00fallase no desenvolvemento de carreira. \u00c9 dicir, d\u00e9bese utilizar o termo orientaci\u00f3n profesional cando o orientado recibe ademais asesoramento para a mellora da s\u00faa carreira profesional, a planificaci\u00f3n da mesma. As\u00ed, \u00e9 un termo que engloba o desenvolvemento profesional e persoal do orientado at\u00e9 a s\u00faa propia autorrealizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Por tanto, a diferenza radica en que a orientaci\u00f3n profesional non se paraliza cando se atopa o emprego sen\u00f3n que contin\u00faa ao longo do proxecto profesional e vital da persoa.<\/p>\n<h2>Diferenza entre orientaci\u00f3n vocacional e profesional.<\/h2>\n<p>O termo vocacional fai referencia a tarefas que implican traballo ou ocupaci\u00f3n, pero xa sexan estas remuneradas ou non remuneradas. Con todo o termo profesional sempre se refire a unha ocupaci\u00f3n remunerada e que, ademais, necesita de certa cualificaci\u00f3n para a s\u00faa desempe\u00f1o. Por tanto, poder\u00edan existir casos nos que coincidan termos, xa que poden existir personasl que necesiten orientaci\u00f3n profesional nun traballo que xa de seu \u00e9 vocacional.<\/p>\n<p>O orientador vocacional guiar\u00e1 ao orientado na elecci\u00f3n do posto de traballo de maneira obxectiva \u00e1s s\u00faas capacidades, necesidades e posibilidades.<\/p>\n<p>Segundo Casti\u00f1eiro (1983:239), &#8220;<em>a orientaci\u00f3n vocacional na medida en que se \u00e9 inseparable do proceso de maduraci\u00f3n da personalidade, dir\u00edxese a espertar, iluminar e favorecer a capacidade do individuo para alcanzar a s\u00faa propia autorrealizaci\u00f3n mediante o exercicio da vida profesional<\/em> &#8221; Casti\u00f1eiro (1983:239).<\/p>\n<p>As diferenzas entre termos parecen claras, primeiramente real\u00edzase unha orientaci\u00f3n vocacional para co\u00f1ecer cara a onde pode encami\u00f1arse o futuro laboral, posteriormente faise unha orientaci\u00f3n laboral para a procura do emprego id\u00f3neo ou mantemento do mesmo e ao longo de todo o proceso faise un seguimento do desenvolvemento da carreira da persoa, que ser\u00eda propia orientaci\u00f3n profesional cara \u00e1 autorrealizaci\u00f3n persoal.<\/p>\n<p>Por tanto como conclusi\u00f3n, o termo orientaci\u00f3n profesional engloba ao resto de procesos de orientaci\u00f3n no \u00e1mbito do traballo.<\/p>\n<p>Se crees que che identificas coa necesidade dun orientador non dubides en consultar cun profesional, os orientadores son persoas especializadas con formaci\u00f3n no \u00e1mbito da psicolox\u00eda e a educaci\u00f3n, con co\u00f1ecementos na contorna empresarial.<\/p>\n<p>_<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u00c1lvarez Gonz\u00e1lez, M. y S\u00e1nchez Garc\u00eda, M.F. (2012). Concepto, evoluci\u00f3n y enfoques te\u00f3ricos de la orientaci\u00f3n profesional. En M.F. S\u00e1nchez Garc\u00eda (Coord.) y M. \u00c1lvarez Gonz\u00e1lez, <em>Bases te\u00f3rico-pr\u00e1cticas de la orientaci\u00f3n profesional<\/em> (pp. 4-48) (CAP\u00cdTULO 1). Madrid: UNED.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">S\u00e1nchez Garc\u00eda, M.F. (2009). Principios, contextos y dimensiones principales de intervenci\u00f3<\/span>n en orientaci\u00f3n profesional<em>.<\/em> En M. F. S\u00e1nchez Garc\u00eda (Coord.) y M. \u00c1lvarez, <em>Bases-te\u00f3rico pr\u00e1cticas de la orientaci\u00f3n profesional<\/em> (pp. 55-75) (CAP\u00cdTULO 2). Madrid: UNED.<\/p>\n<p>Super, D.E. (1957). <em>The psychology of Carees<\/em>. New York: Harper and Row.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&gt;&gt; Art\u00edculo relacionado: <a href=\"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/como-ser-un-buen-entrevistador\/\">C\u00f3mo ser un buen entrevistador<\/a>.","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9 moi habitual que se utilicen os termos orientaci\u00f3n laboral, orientaci\u00f3n vocacional ou orientaci\u00f3n profesional co mesmo significado, con todo var\u00edan considerablemente nas s\u00faas funci\u00f3ns. Mesmo poderiamos ampliar o abanico e inclu\u00edr o termo de orientaci\u00f3n para a carreira, moi utilizado no \u00e1mbito anglosax\u00f3n. Estes tipos de orientaci\u00f3n fan referencia a un concepto com\u00fan: o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2623,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,26,546,179],"tags":[413,414,49,415,11,346],"class_list":["post-2617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-educacion","category-organizaciones","category-profesion","category-seleccion-de-personal","tag-coaching","tag-couseling","tag-educacion","tag-orientacion","tag-psicologia","tag-trabajo"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Diferenzas entre orientaci\u00f3n profesional, laboral e vocacional. - PsicoPico<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/diferencias-orientacion-profesional-vocacional-laboral\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diferenzas entre orientaci\u00f3n profesional, laboral e vocacional. - PsicoPico\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00c9 moi habitual que se utilicen os termos orientaci\u00f3n laboral, orientaci\u00f3n vocacional ou orientaci\u00f3n profesional co mesmo significado, con todo var\u00edan considerablemente nas s\u00faas funci\u00f3ns. Mesmo poderiamos ampliar o abanico e inclu\u00edr o termo de orientaci\u00f3n para a carreira, moi utilizado no \u00e1mbito anglosax\u00f3n. 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