{"id":2332,"date":"2016-09-09T17:22:23","date_gmt":"2016-09-09T16:22:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/psicopico.com\/?p=2332"},"modified":"2021-08-02T13:57:31","modified_gmt":"2021-08-02T12:57:31","slug":"las-5-fases-del-metodo-cientifico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/gl\/las-5-fases-del-metodo-cientifico\/","title":{"rendered":"As 5 fases do m\u00e9todo cient\u00edfico"},"content":{"rendered":"A psicolox\u00eda \u00e9 unha ciencia, e como tal, as s\u00faas investigaci\u00f3ns bas\u00e9anse en investigaci\u00f3ns cient\u00edficas sistem\u00e1ticas e controladas. Ademais, as investigaci\u00f3ns han de ter un car\u00e1cter emp\u00edrico e cr\u00edtico baseado en hip\u00f3tese sobre as relaci\u00f3ns que existen entre fen\u00f3menos naturais. As opini\u00f3ns subxectivas han de ser corroboradas por unha realidade obxectiva somet\u00e9ndoas a probas que ditaminen se esas crenzas son ou non certas.<\/p>\n

Fases do m\u00e9todo cient\u00edfico.<\/h2>\n

Para realizar estas investigaci\u00f3ns, os cient\u00edficos bas\u00e9anse nun m\u00e9todo cient\u00edfico que pasa por diversas fases. Son varios os autores que as interpretan pero explicaremos as fases propostas por Kerlinger e Lee:<\/p>\n

1. Problema, obst\u00e1culo e idea.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Unha idea xorde na mente dun cient\u00edfico acerca dun fen\u00f3meno, que presenta certos obst\u00e1culos para a s\u00faa comprensi\u00f3n. Hai unha parte do co\u00f1ecemento que non est\u00e1 cuberta e a mente inquieta do cient\u00edfico quere demostrala. O primeiro paso \u00e9 formular unha idea de forma inteligible para que quede exposta.<\/p>\n

2. Hip\u00f3tese.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Unha vez pensado o problema, as s\u00faas posibles soluci\u00f3ns e revisadas outras experiencias similares doutros autores enuncia unha hip\u00f3tese. Que \u00e9 unha hip\u00f3tese? Pois \u00e9 un enunciado conjetural sobre a relaci\u00f3n que hai entre d\u00faas ou m\u00e1is fen\u00f3menos ou variables. Para definila ben se ha de expresar as relaci\u00f3ns entre variables de forma correcta e indicar a necesidade de verificar esas relaci\u00f3ns expresadas. A hip\u00f3tese \u00e9 o primeiro instrumento de traballo dunha teor\u00eda. As hip\u00f3teses han de ser comprobables para saber se son probablemente certas ou falsas. Son o f\u00edo condutor de toda investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica.<\/p>\n

3. Razoamento e deduci\u00f3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c9 nesta fase cando o cient\u00edfico deduce as consecuencias das hip\u00f3teses expostas. Por exemplo, se se establecen relaci\u00f3ns entre m\u00fasica e felicidade, o cient\u00edfico concluir\u00e1 que se aumenta a m\u00fasica nos suxeitos experimentais mentres realizan unha tarefa aumentar\u00e1 o seu nivel de satisfacci\u00f3n persoal ou felicidade subxectiva.<\/p>\n

>> Artigo relacionado: A felicidade de ir a un concerto, corroborada pola ciencia.<\/a><\/p>\n

4. Observaci\u00f3n, proba e experimento.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ao choio. Se todo o demais exp\u00faxose de forma concisa e clara. O fundamental de comprobar unha hip\u00f3tese \u00e9 demostrar a relaci\u00f3n expresada por ela. Neste paso verif\u00edcanse as relaci\u00f3ns entre as variables. Someter a proba a relaci\u00f3n expresada no problema exposto en busca da s\u00faa comprobaci\u00f3n e experimentaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

> Artigo relacionado: O experimento de Milgram: obedencia e maldade<\/a><\/p>\n

5. Resultados.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Como punto final ao m\u00e9todo cient\u00edfico exponse os resultados da experimentaci\u00f3n indicando se a hip\u00f3tese inicial p\u00f3dese aceptar ou rexeitar, ou as modificaci\u00f3ns que hai que realizar para lograr demostrala.<\/p>\n

Temos que ter en conta que a secuencia exposta das 5 fases do m\u00e9todo cient\u00edfico non te\u00f1en por que ser fixas. A primeira fase, onde aparece a idea no cient\u00edfico, non termina claramente antes de iniciarse a segunda fase de formulaci\u00f3n da hip\u00f3tese. Antes de expor as deduci\u00f3ns da hip\u00f3tese final p\u00f3dense realizar estudos piloto para efectuar probas sobre as implicaci\u00f3ns da hip\u00f3tese. Ou simplemente, a hip\u00f3tese requira ser perfeccionada.<\/p>\n

5 aspectos importantes nunha investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica.<\/h3>\n

Os cient\u00edficos funcionan a nivel te\u00f3rico e observacional, polo que as investigaci\u00f3ns te\u00f1en que ser capaces de traducir as ideas expostas tendo en conta estes 5 aspectos:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Un dese\u00f1o metodol\u00f3xico concreto e apropiado.<\/li>\n
  2. Que os suxeitos estudados sexan os id\u00f3neos para o \u00e1mbito de investigaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n
  3. Que os instrumentos sexan o m\u00e1is fiables e v\u00e1lidos posible.<\/li>\n
  4. As variables que se miden deben ser convenientemente operativizadas e traducidas a unha m\u00e9trica apropiada.<\/li>\n
  5. As t\u00e9cnicas de an\u00e1lises de datos seleccionadas sexan as m\u00e1is apropiadas para o dese\u00f1o e permitan responder as preguntas expostas na investigaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    A psicolox\u00eda \u00e9 unha ciencia, e como tal, as s\u00faas investigaci\u00f3ns bas\u00e9anse en investigaci\u00f3ns cient\u00edficas sistem\u00e1ticas e controladas. Ademais, as investigaci\u00f3ns han de ter un car\u00e1cter emp\u00edrico e cr\u00edtico baseado en hip\u00f3tese sobre as relaci\u00f3ns que existen entre fen\u00f3menos naturais. As opini\u00f3ns subxectivas han de ser corroboradas por unha realidade obxectiva somet\u00e9ndoas a probas que […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[201],"tags":[42,188,275,11],"class_list":["post-2332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-experimentos","tag-ciencia","tag-experimento","tag-neurociencia","tag-psicologia"],"yoast_head":"\nAs 5 fases do m\u00e9todo cient\u00edfico - PsicoPico<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/en\/las-5-fases-del-metodo-cientifico\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"As 5 fases do m\u00e9todo cient\u00edfico - PsicoPico\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A psicolox\u00eda \u00e9 unha ciencia, e como tal, as s\u00faas investigaci\u00f3ns bas\u00e9anse en investigaci\u00f3ns cient\u00edficas sistem\u00e1ticas e controladas. 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