{"id":2263,"date":"2016-08-25T21:41:19","date_gmt":"2016-08-25T20:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/psicopico.com\/?p=2263"},"modified":"2017-05-17T23:39:48","modified_gmt":"2017-05-17T22:39:48","slug":"10-preguntas-respuestas-bilinguismo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/gl\/10-preguntas-respuestas-bilinguismo\/","title":{"rendered":"10 preguntas e respostas sobre o biling\u00fcismo"},"content":{"rendered":"Esculcando a rede atopeime cun interesante estudo publicado pola Universidade de Chicago en 2015 sobre os beneficios da exposici\u00f3n ao biling\u00fcismo. Segundo esta investigaci\u00f3n, a exposici\u00f3n temper\u00e1 a m\u00faltiples linguas fomenta o desenvolvemento de habilidades de comunicaci\u00f3n. Ademais, disto, era sabido que o biling\u00fcismo favorece o control executivo, a memoria e atrasa a deterioraci\u00f3n cognitiva. A todo isto eng\u00e1deselle o beneficio social que xera o saber varias linguas e as emoci\u00f3ns que provoca a s\u00faa aprendizaxe e as primeiras veces que se pon en pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p>\n

Na mi\u00f1a terra natal, Galicia, poderiamos dicir que todos somos biling\u00fces, xa que nacemos con d\u00faas linguas maternas: o castel\u00e1n e o galego. Poderiamos dicir que isto nos beneficiou tanto cognitivamente falando como nas nosas interacci\u00f3ns sociais? Quizais non tanto que se o biling\u00fcismo fose cunha lingua m\u00e1is potente a nivel mundial como o ingl\u00e9s. ou con ra\u00edces dial\u00e9cticas diferentes. Con todo, o ben que queda nos CV p\u00f3r que sabes dous idiomas? Isto non nolo quita ningu\u00e9n. Viva Galicia!<\/p>\n

As estimaci\u00f3ns din que m\u00e1is da metade da poboaci\u00f3n mundial \u00e9 biling\u00fce. Para iso, transcribimos algunhas preguntas realizadas ao experto en psicoling\u00fcistica Fran\u00e7ois Grosjean, autor do libro Life and Reality nunha entrevista concedida a Marianna Pogosyan. O artigo completo pod\u00e9delo ler picando aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Aqu\u00ed trataremos de resumir as 10 preguntas sobre o biling\u00faismo expostas.<\/p>\n

1.C\u00faando consid\u00e9rase unha persoa biling\u00fce?<\/h2>\n

Os biling\u00fces son as persoas que utilizan d\u00faas ou m\u00e1is linguas (ou dialectos) na s\u00faa vida coti\u00e1.<\/p>\n

2. Existen diferenzas no cerebro de biling\u00fces e monoling\u00fces?<\/h2>\n

Non existe unha cortiza cerebral monoling\u00fce e outra biling\u00fce. O cerebro utiliza as mesmas estruturas neuronais e os mesmos recursos para manexar ambas as linguas pero de diferentes maneiras.<\/p>\n

3. Poden os adultos aprender a falar un idioma estranxeiro sen acento?<\/h2>\n

Segundo os investigadores, non existe unha idade concreta para poder aprender un segundo idioma sen acento, pero xeralmente poder\u00edase realizar entre os 10 e 15 anos. Con todo, existen casos de profesores de idiomas ou persoas altamente motivadas que con estancias prolongadas e cun contacto intensivo con falantes nativos lograron converterse practicamente en falantes nativos.<\/p>\n

4. \u00c9 posible ser igualmente de competentes en ambos os idiomas?<\/h2>\n

A maior\u00eda dos biling\u00fces utilizan as linguas para prop\u00f3sitos diferentes ou con diferentes persoas. Polo que non se ten que ser igual de competente en ambas as linguas. A maior fluidez nun ou outro depende das necesidades espec\u00edficas (principio da complementariedade). \u00c9 moi raro que os biling\u00fces te\u00f1an o mesmo dominio de ambos os idiomas.<\/p>\n

5. Deben ter coidado os pais \u00e1 hora de mesturar idiomas?<\/h2>\n

A mestura de idiomas nos nenos \u00e9 normal, especialmente se os pais son tam\u00e9n biling\u00fces. Non \u00e9 un factor importante, o realmente importante \u00e9 cando se produce a aprendizaxe do idioma, a estratexia utilizada e ensinarlles a necesidade de cada un das linguas. Aprender a usalos nos momentos adecuados.<\/p>\n

6. So\u00f1an os biling\u00fces en diferentes idiomas?<\/h2>\n

Aproximadamente o 64% das persoas biling\u00fces so\u00f1an nunha ou outra lingua en funci\u00f3n do tipo de so\u00f1o que te\u00f1an. \u00c9 dicir, sucede o chamado principio da complementariedade, que quere dicir que a lingua utilizada depende da necesidade do momento concreto. Isto mesmo ocorre cos so\u00f1os, dependendo do que so\u00f1es faralo nun ou outro idioma.<\/p>\n

7. Afecta o feito de falar en diferentes idiomas \u00e1 forma de sentir e pensar?<\/h2>\n

Alg\u00fans biling\u00fces afirman ser diferentes cando utilizan un e outro idioma, mesmo que afectan \u00e1 s\u00faa personalidade. Con todo, o que parece ser \u00e9 m\u00e1is ben un cambio nas actitudes e comportamentos correspondentes ao contexto no que se haxa a persoa, independentemente da lingua utilizada. Pasa exactamente o mesmo en monoling\u00fces, as persoas ad\u00e1ptanse \u00e1s situaci\u00f3ns, do mesmo xeito que a lingua utilizada pero non por motivo desta.<\/p>\n

8. Os biling\u00fces trad\u00facense mentalmente cando falan?<\/h2>\n

A traduci\u00f3n dunha lingua prod\u00facese principalmente nas primeiras etapas da adquisici\u00f3n do segundo idioma. Cando unha persoa por fin utiliza de forma coti\u00e1 ambas as linguas xa non se traducen ou s\u00f3 en raras ocasi\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n

9. Afecta o desenvolvemento do neno a aprendizaxe de d\u00faas linguas ao mesmo tempo?<\/h2>\n

\u00c9 un mito que os nenos biling\u00fces te\u00f1a un atraso no desenvolvemento da linguaxe. Non existe ningunha evidencia neste sentido pero si se sabe que a taxa de adquisici\u00f3n da lingua \u00e9 a mesma que a dos monoling\u00fces. En canto \u00e1 adquisici\u00f3n de l\u00e9xico, volve funcionar o principio de complementariedade como nos adultos. O l\u00e9xico usarase en funci\u00f3n das necesidades e o contexto.<\/p>\n

10. Cal \u00e9 a maior vantaxe do biling\u00fcismo?<\/h2>\n

Son varias as vantaxes: p\u00f3dense comunicar con diferentes persoas e en diferentes culturas; te\u00f1en a sensaci\u00f3n de que o co\u00f1ecemento de varios idiomas axudaralles a aprender outros novos; o biling\u00fcismo fomenta unha mentalidade aberta; ofrece diferentes puntos de vista sobre a vida; reduce a ignorancia cultural e d\u00e1 maiores oportunidades de emprego e mobilidade social.<\/p>\n

_<\/p>\n

Fonte: Psychology Today<\/a><\/p>\n

Foto:\u00a0Pixabay.com<\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Esculcando a rede atopeime cun interesante estudo publicado pola Universidade de Chicago en 2015 sobre os beneficios da exposici\u00f3n ao biling\u00fcismo. Segundo esta investigaci\u00f3n, a exposici\u00f3n temper\u00e1 a m\u00faltiples linguas fomenta o desenvolvemento de habilidades de comunicaci\u00f3n. Ademais, disto, era sabido que o biling\u00fcismo favorece o control executivo, a memoria e atrasa a deterioraci\u00f3n cognitiva. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2266,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[145,19,310],"tags":[378,377,311,11],"class_list":["post-2263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curiosidades","category-educacion","category-lenguaje","tag-bilinguismo","tag-lengua","tag-lenguaje","tag-psicologia"],"yoast_head":"\n10 preguntas e respostas sobre o biling\u00fcismo - PsicoPico<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Algunas preguntas y respuestas sobre el biling\u00fcismo. \u00bfFavorece al procesamiento cognitivo saber varios idiomas? \u00bfC\u00f3mo nos afecta en nuestras vidas?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/10-preguntas-respuestas-bilinguismo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"10 preguntas e respostas sobre o biling\u00fcismo - PsicoPico\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Algunas preguntas y respuestas sobre el biling\u00fcismo. \u00bfFavorece al procesamiento cognitivo saber varios idiomas? 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