{"id":2185,"date":"2016-08-10T16:41:42","date_gmt":"2016-08-10T15:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/psicopico.com\/?p=2185"},"modified":"2017-06-20T00:32:07","modified_gmt":"2017-06-19T23:32:07","slug":"pnl-supuestos-basicos-programacion-neurolinguistica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/gl\/pnl-supuestos-basicos-programacion-neurolinguistica\/","title":{"rendered":"PNL: supostos b\u00e1sicos."},"content":{"rendered":"A Programaci\u00f3n Neuroling\u00fc\u00edstica (PNL) conforma un conxunto de suxesti\u00f3ns cuxa aplicaci\u00f3n trata de mellorar as interacci\u00f3ns coa contorna f\u00edsica, mellorar as relaci\u00f3ns cos demais e tam\u00e9n cun mesmo. Para conseguilo, a Programaci\u00f3n Neuroling\u00fc\u00edstica bas\u00e9ase nuns supostos que, m\u00e1is que ofrecer absoluta veracidade, c\u00e9ntranse en comprobar a efectividade.<\/p>\n

\u00c9 dicir, non se trata de comprobar emp\u00edricamente a veracidade dos resultados da aplicaci\u00f3n de certas pautas, sen\u00f3n que se trata de ver o grao de eficacia que ten esa aplicaci\u00f3n na vida real. As bases te\u00f3ricas da PNL son v\u00e1lidas porque resultan \u00fatiles, non en funci\u00f3n da veracidade dos seus supostos, sen\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n da s\u00faa efectividade.<\/p>\n

1. As persoas elaboran mapas mentais da realidade.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A xente ten as s\u00faas propias representaci\u00f3ns da contorna no que se move e tam\u00e9n representaci\u00f3ns sobre si mesmo. O que se considera como realidade \u00e9 a imaxe interna que cada un se forma sobre as cousas. P\u00f3dese dicir que cada persoa desenvolve un mapa mental de todo o que lle rodea, tendo sempre en conta que ning\u00fan mapa \u00e9 m\u00e1is real ou verdadeiro que o doutra persoa.<\/p>\n

Cada suxeito reacciona, pensa ou sente segundo o mapa da s\u00faa realidade persoal, e non a partir das situaci\u00f3ns. Non son os feitos os que fan que un individuo senta dunha maneira ou doutra, \u00e9 a forma de interpretar esa situaci\u00f3n a que vai determinar as reacci\u00f3ns, sentimentos etc.<\/p>\n

2. O mapa \u00e9 unha representaci\u00f3n do ambiente.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Os mapas constr\u00faense grazas \u00e1s capacidades sensoriais: visual, auditiva, kinest\u00e9sica, olfativa e gustativa. Cando se analiza a realidade e cando se desenvolve un mapa mental, interve\u00f1en unhas v\u00edas neurol\u00f3gicas concretas. Por exemplo, se se est\u00e1 observando unha paisaxe vanse a activar no cerebro unhas neuronas espec\u00edficas que van axudar, por exemplo, a almacenar a informaci\u00f3n visual, o que sentiu nese momento, o que se escoitou etc. Posteriormente, cando de forma voluntaria t\u00e9ntase recuperar esa informaci\u00f3n, \u00e9 dicir, lembrala, acceder \u00e1 memoria, o recordo darase grazas \u00e1 activaci\u00f3n das mesmas neuronas que participaron na creaci\u00f3n do recordo.<\/p>\n

Tam\u00e9n \u00e9 posible crear mapas ling\u00fc\u00edsticos onde se vai a describir a realidade mediante verbalizaciones. Isto faise evidente cando se mant\u00e9n un di\u00e1logo interno, de forma constante, cun mesmo, describindo nosa propia realidade.<\/p>\n

Tanto os mapas visuais como os verbais son os usados \u00e1 hora de relacionarse co ambiente.<\/p>\n

Na pr\u00e1ctica p\u00f3dense reprogramar secuencias de condutas que van cambiar as emoci\u00f3ns, pensamentos e sentimentos desde o interior. Ao traballar con recordos e experiencias est\u00e1 a traballarse, de forma directa, coas v\u00edas nerviosas que m\u00e1is tarde se van a utilizar para realizar comportamentos adecuados que, m\u00e1is adiante, proxectaremos cara ao exterior.<\/p>\n

Tam\u00e9n se pode manexar o di\u00e1logo interno para facilitar o cambio; gui\u00e1ndoo para que pense dunha determinada maneira, a\u00ednda que isto require moita pr\u00e1ctica, pois non \u00e9 f\u00e1cil cambiar os pensamentos autom\u00e1ticos por outros novos, a\u00ednda que sexan os m\u00e1is adecuados e beneficiosos para as interacci\u00f3ns coa contorna, cos demais e connosco mesmos.<\/p>\n

3. O que limita \u00e1s persoas son os poucos recursos que pos\u00faen os seus propios mapas mentais.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c9 imposible que unha persoa queira ga\u00f1arse a vida como cantante de \u00f3pera se non ten unhas capacidades innatas para iso, sen co\u00f1ecementos de m\u00fasica ou sen o\u00eddo musical. De igual forma, hai unhas limitaci\u00f3ns imposibles de liquidar polas s\u00faas caracter\u00edsticas xen\u00e9ticas ou polo ambiente f\u00edsico. Por exemplo, \u00e9 imposible que unha persoa con deficiencias f\u00edsicas pretenda subir ao Everest, pero depende del mesmo empezar a cami\u00f1ar gradualmente, facer excursi\u00f3ns ou breves paseos que poidan contribu\u00edr a mellorar a s\u00faa sa\u00fade f\u00edsica e mental.<\/p>\n

A PNL axuda a entender os mapas mentais daquelas persoas que conseguen os seus obxectivos para ?copiar? eses mapas e integralos aos doutra persoa. Tr\u00e1tase de co\u00f1ecer que pasos, pensamentos ou sentimentos d\u00e9ronse nesa persoa para favorecer o logro dos seus obxectivos. Ao co\u00f1ecelos e comprendelos p\u00f3dense aplicar \u00e1 vida real en forma de exercicios, actividades, etc.<\/p>\n

4. Hai que ter en conta s\u00f3 os resultados.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e9bese evitar ou reducir o uso de etiquetas como a do fracaso ou o erro. Estes termos son s\u00f3 iso: termos. O malo \u00e9 que se adoitan usar para autolimitarse ou menosprezarse. \u00c1s veces as cousas non son como un espera pero o mapa interno non permite que a persoa cambie de actitude, porque ante determinadas situaci\u00f3ns a mente act\u00faa do mesmo xeito e de forma reiterada.<\/p>\n

Hai que cambiar ese mapa interno por outro m\u00e1is adecuado para que as cousas tam\u00e9n cambien. Se sempre se act\u00faa da mesma forma, non se pode pretender cambiar as cousas por m\u00e1is que un queira. A proposta da PNL, por tanto, asume que cando algo non funciona o ideal \u00e9 probar con algo diferente. Os exercicios que prop\u00f3n a PNL permiten reprogramar os mapas mentais, mellorando o desenvolvemento persoal e a interacci\u00f3n co medio.<\/p>\n

5. Diferenciar entre comportamento e identidade.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c1s veces, as persoas poden comportarse de forma est\u00fapida ou de forma irresponsable. Pero tam\u00e9n de forma altru\u00edsta, creativa, etc. Pero as persoas non son irresponsables nin tampouco xenios.<\/p>\n

Hai unha diferenza entre ser e actuar. P\u00f3dese ser dunha determinada maneira, pero hai situaci\u00f3ns nas que se act\u00faa de forma diferente a como a persoa \u00e9 en realidade. Albert Ellis explicou o tema afirmando que ?somos? seres humanos e ?actuamos? como tales, cometendo erros en ocasi\u00f3ns e actuando ben noutras.<\/p>\n

6. As persoas act\u00faan segundo o contexto e elixen a mellor opci\u00f3n posible<\/strong><\/p>\n

O problema xorde cando os mapas non pos\u00faen os suficientes recursos para atopar unha opci\u00f3n alternativa. O uso de mapas mentais pobres ten como consecuencia que as persoas te\u00f1an dificultades en situaci\u00f3ns problem\u00e1ticas.<\/p>\n

O cambio de conduta darase cando a persoa interiorice outros modos de actuar m\u00e1is adecuados.<\/p>\n

7. Cada persoa est\u00e1 constitu\u00edda por diferentes partes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Desde a Psican\u00e1lise considerouse que a mente humana divid\u00edase en dous grandes partes: o consciente e o subconsciente. Tam\u00e9n desde a An\u00e1lise Transaccional consid\u00e9rase que a personalidade est\u00e1 constitu\u00edda por tres estados do EU. Case todas as escolas de psicoterapia fragmentan dalg\u00fan modo o mundo interno.<\/p>\n

As\u00ed, cada parte da propia identidade pode ter as s\u00faas metas, intencioes, capacidades etc. que poden entrar en conflito.<\/p>\n

8. A importancia da comunicaci\u00f3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

As persoas est\u00e1n a intercambiar mensaxes, de forma continua, co mundo externo e tam\u00e9n cun mesmo. Desta maneira, perc\u00edbense as demandas do ambiente e manif\u00e9stanse as necesidades e as frustraci\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n

9. Comunicaci\u00f3n consciente e inconsciente<\/strong><\/p>\n

Establ\u00e9cese a comunicaci\u00f3n consciente cando temos intenci\u00f3n de transmitir unha mensaxe por calquera das canles, verbais, escritos ou gestuales. Pola s\u00faa banda, a comunicaci\u00f3n inconsciente d\u00e1se por v\u00edas de exteriorizaci\u00f3n das que non se ten ning\u00fan control.<\/p>\n

As mensaxes inconscientes son sempre m\u00e1is fiables que os que se transmiten de forma consciente e voluntaria.<\/p>\n

10. O sentido da comunicaci\u00f3n \u00e9 o resultado dos interlocutores<\/strong><\/p>\n

Unha vez transmitido a mensaxe, o \u00fanico responsable da s\u00faa interpretaci\u00f3n \u00e9 o emisor. A intenci\u00f3n que tivese o comunicador pode ser unha cousa concreta pero o receptor exp\u00f3n unha resposta diferente \u00e1 que esperaba.<\/p>\n

No mundo dos negocios, a PNL marcar\u00e1 unha diferenza na comunicaci\u00f3n, motivaci\u00f3n, influencias, negociaci\u00f3n, desenvolvemento persoal, liderado, poder, autoridade etc.","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Programaci\u00f3n Neuroling\u00fc\u00edstica (PNL) conforma un conxunto de suxesti\u00f3ns cuxa aplicaci\u00f3n trata de mellorar as interacci\u00f3ns coa contorna f\u00edsica, mellorar as relaci\u00f3ns cos demais e tam\u00e9n cun mesmo. Para conseguilo, a Programaci\u00f3n Neuroling\u00fc\u00edstica bas\u00e9ase nuns supostos que, m\u00e1is que ofrecer absoluta veracidade, c\u00e9ntranse en comprobar a efectividade. \u00c9 dicir, non se trata de comprobar emp\u00edricamente […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2188,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[365,366,11],"class_list":["post-2185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social","tag-pnl","tag-programacion-neurolinguistica","tag-psicologia"],"yoast_head":"\nPNL: supostos b\u00e1sicos. - PsicoPico<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Programaci\u00f3n Neuroling\u00fc\u00edstica se basa en unos supuestos que, m\u00e1s que ofrecer absoluta veracidad, se centran en comprobar la efectividad.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/psicopico.com\/pnl-supuestos-basicos-programacion-neurolinguistica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PNL: supostos b\u00e1sicos. - 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